Computer networking provides the foundation for communication between interconnected devices, enabling data exchange, resource sharing, and access to networked services. It encompasses network architecture, topologies, switching, routing, addressing, protocols, wireless communication, internetworking, performance, reliability, management, virtualization, and standards.
A network port is a logical communication endpoint used to direct network traffic to a service on a host. Ports work with IP addresses and transport protocols to support network communication and connect network services with applications. Understanding port numbers, states, service identification, discovery, and security provides a foundation for understanding network communication.
Introduction Modern computer networks enable billions of devices to communicate and exchange information across homes, businesses, governments, educational institutions, and the Internet. Whether sending an email, browsing a website, streaming a video, making a video call, or accessing cloud services, every network communication follows a structured process to ensure that data reaches its intended destination…