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Decoding Port States in Port Scanning During Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance is the initial phase of the cyber kill chain, where information about a target system or organization is systematically gathered to understand its exposure and attack surface. In ethical hacking, this phase leads into port scanning, where the focus shifts from general information gathering to identifying active services and understanding how a target system…
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Industrial Revolution with Information Technology: AI Shaping the Future, Cyber Security Protecting It
Introduction The Industrial Revolution marks one of the most transformative periods in human history. It changed the way people live, work, and produce goods by shifting societies from manual systems to machine-driven and technology-enabled economies. Over time, each industrial phase introduced breakthrough innovations that reshaped production, communication, and global development. Today, with the rise of…
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Cyber Enlightenment: The Pursuit of Cyber Technology Wisdom
We live in an era of unprecedented technological transformation. Driven by the exponential growth of the Internet and the widespread adoption of digital technologies, fields such as Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing, Data Science, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Automation, and other emerging technologies are reshaping every aspect of modern life. As these technologies…
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Trustworthy AI: We Should Shape AI Before AI Shapes the World
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming one of the most influential technologies in human history. It is already helping people make decisions, generate knowledge, detect cyber threats, create content, automate business processes, and accelerate scientific discovery. As AI capabilities continue to advance, its influence on businesses, governments, and society will only grow. What happens when…
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Data Provenance: Why Trustworthy AI Starts with Trusted Data
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the way organizations operate, make decisions, and deliver services. From predictive analytics and machine learning to Generative AI and intelligent assistants, businesses are increasingly relying on AI to extract insights and drive innovation. However, regardless of how advanced an AI system becomes, its effectiveness ultimately depends on one critical factor:…
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Refreshing Computer Memory Concepts and Its Cyber Security Threats
Introduction Computer memory is one of the fundamental building blocks of modern computing. Whether we use a desktop computer, laptop, smartphone, cloud platform, or Artificial Intelligence application, memory plays a vital role in storing and processing information. Many of us would have learned memory concepts during our academic studies or early stages of our careers.…
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How Information Technology Empowers Economic Growth and Transforms Modern Industries: Why Cyber Security Matters
Introduction The world around us is powered by economic activities that produce goods, deliver services, create employment opportunities, and improve living standards. Whether it is the electricity that powers our homes, the food we consume, the transportation systems we use, or the healthcare services we depend upon, all of these are made possible through industries…
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Large Language Models (LLMs) and it’s Role in the Broader AI Landscape
Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most transformative technologies of the modern era. From healthcare and finance to manufacturing and transportation, AI is helping organizations improve efficiency, automate processes, make better decisions, and solve complex problems. At its core, Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of computer systems to perform tasks that…
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Industry and Academical knowledge in IT Career
Career growth is an important aspect of professional life, whether we work as employees in an organization or are self-employed. Continuous knowledge upskilling in our field of work is essential for career advancement. Knowledge grows alongside experience and helps professionals become more effective in their roles. There are many industries, including Information Technology (IT), Manufacturing,…
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Artificial Intelligence and it’s building block
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer system to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning from experience, recognizing patterns, understanding information, solving problems, and making decisions. Traditionally, computers could only perform tasks by following a predefined set of instructions. If a situation was not covered by those instructions, the…
Decoding Port States in Port Scanning During Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance is the initial phase of the cyber kill chain, where information about a target…
