Domain Name Service (DNS) provides naming service for computers and services. It has a database of mappings of hostnames to IP addresses. Client which wants to access target services on a server, connects to the hostnames. To resolve the hostname, the client send requests to the DNS server and gets the IP address. Using the…
Category: Computer Networks And Internet
Network Information Center (NIC)
Network Information Center (NIC) also known as InterNIC was the organization that was responsible for Domain Name System (DNS) domain name allocations and X.500 directory services. From 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) took it the responsibility for managing DNS.
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that is used in IP network to assign IP addressed to nodes connected to the network automatically. DHCP is described in RFC 2131. In 1980s, there was Diskless Workstations which did not have disk with basic memory that used network booting. Since it has very…
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is Networking Protocol that is used to assign dynamic IP address to workstations. BOOTP replaced RARP which has limitations of sending additional network configuration data apart from IP address and couldn’t operate across subnets as it’s OSI Layer 2 based protocol. BOOTP operates at L4 of OSI Layer and uses UDP to…
CAM (Content Addressable Memory) Table
The switch has a CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table which has mapping of the ports and MAC addresses of the computing node that is connected to each port. The switch learns the MAC address of the nodes initially when it is sending data on the port. The first frame from each node is always broadcasted…
MAC (Medium Access Control) Address
MAC (Medium Access Control) Address is unique identifier hardware address assigned to Network Interface Card (NIC) of any computing node. All computing nodes need a layer 2 hardware address for transmitting data which happens at Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI layer. When transmitting data on the LAN,…
IEEE 802
IEEE 802 is a networking standard developed and maintained by LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) for Local Area Network (LAN), Personal Area Network (PAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). IEEE 802 recommends best practices using an open and accredited process for Wired LAN, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless MAN.
Promiscuous Mode
A Computer Network is collection of computing nodes connected through a switch or hub. Data is sent from a system (sender) to another system (receiver). At the layer 2 of the OSI layer, packet is converted into a frame which has the Source Hardware Address and Destination Hardware Address. In Ethernet based LAN, MAC address…
Switch
A switch is a network device that connects multiple computing nodes to form a LAN and does switching of data at the data link (layer 2) of the OSI Layers. The switch uses star network topology where it becomes the central component of the network of the connected computer nodes. The data transmitted from the…
Broadcast Domain
Broadcast Domain is the domain of a Network in which broadcasts can be sent by a node and received by all other nodes connected in that network domain. The broadcast is done at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI Layers. Special Layer 2 address is allocated for broadcast known as broadcast address….